5 results
Ten New Insights in Climate Science 2023/2024
- Mercedes Bustamante, Joyashree Roy, Daniel Ospina, Ploy Achakulwisut, Anubha Aggarwal, Ana Bastos, Wendy Broadgate, Josep G. Canadell, Edward R. Carr, Deliang Chen, Helen A. Cleugh, Kristie L. Ebi, Clea Edwards, Carol Farbotko, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Thomas L. Frölicher, Sabine Fuss, Oliver Geden, Nicolas Gruber, Luke J. Harrington, Judith Hauck, Zeke Hausfather, Sophie Hebden, Aniek Hebinck, Saleemul Huq, Matthias Huss, M. Laurice P. Jamero, Sirkku Juhola, Nilushi Kumarasinghe, Shuaib Lwasa, Bishawjit Mallick, Maria Martin, Steven McGreevy, Paula Mirazo, Aditi Mukherji, Greg Muttitt, Gregory F. Nemet, David Obura, Chukwumerije Okereke, Tom Oliver, Ben Orlove, Nadia S. Ouedraogo, Prabir K. Patra, Mark Pelling, Laura M. Pereira, Åsa Persson, Julia Pongratz, Anjal Prakash, Anja Rammig, Colin Raymond, Aaron Redman, Cristobal Reveco, Johan Rockström, Regina Rodrigues, David R. Rounce, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Peter Schlosser, Odirilwe Selomane, Gregor Semieniuk, Yunne-Jai Shin, Tasneem A. Siddiqui, Vartika Singh, Giles B. Sioen, Youba Sokona, Detlef Stammer, Norman J. Steinert, Sunhee Suk, Rowan Sutton, Lisa Thalheimer, Vikki Thompson, Gregory Trencher, Kees van der Geest, Saskia E. Werners, Thea Wübbelmann, Nico Wunderling, Jiabo Yin, Kirsten Zickfeld, Jakob Zscheischler
-
- Journal:
- Global Sustainability / Accepted manuscript
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 December 2023, pp. 1-58
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
Ten new insights in climate science 2022
- Maria A. Martin, Emmanuel A. Boakye, Emily Boyd, Wendy Broadgate, Mercedes Bustamante, Josep G. Canadell, Edward R. Carr, Eric K. Chu, Helen Cleugh, Szilvia Csevár, Marwa Daoudy, Ariane de Bremond, Meghnath Dhimal, Kristie L. Ebi, Clea Edwards, Sabine Fuss, Martin P. Girardin, Bruce Glavovic, Sophie Hebden, Marina Hirota, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Saleemul Huq, Karin Ingold, Ola M. Johannessen, Yasuko Kameyama, Nilushi Kumarasinghe, Gaby S. Langendijk, Tabea Lissner, Shuaib Lwasa, Catherine Machalaba, Aaron Maltais, Manu V. Mathai, Cheikh Mbow, Karen E. McNamara, Aditi Mukherji, Virginia Murray, Jaroslav Mysiak, Chukwumerije Okereke, Daniel Ospina, Friederike Otto, Anjal Prakash, Juan M. Pulhin, Emmanuel Raju, Aaron Redman, Kanta K. Rigaud, Johan Rockström, Joyashree Roy, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Peter Schlosser, Karsten A. Schulz, Kim Schumacher, Luana Schwarz, Murray Scown, Barbora Šedová, Tasneem A. Siddiqui, Chandni Singh, Giles B. Sioen, Detlef Stammer, Norman J. Steinert, Sunhee Suk, Rowan Sutton, Lisa Thalheimer, Maarten van Aalst, Kees van der Geest, Zhirong Jerry Zhao
-
- Journal:
- Global Sustainability / Volume 5 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 November 2022, e20
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Non-technical summary
We summarize what we assess as the past year's most important findings within climate change research: limits to adaptation, vulnerability hotspots, new threats coming from the climate–health nexus, climate (im)mobility and security, sustainable practices for land use and finance, losses and damages, inclusive societal climate decisions and ways to overcome structural barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C.
Technical summaryWe synthesize 10 topics within climate research where there have been significant advances or emerging scientific consensus since January 2021. The selection of these insights was based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings concern: (1) new aspects of soft and hard limits to adaptation; (2) the emergence of regional vulnerability hotspots from climate impacts and human vulnerability; (3) new threats on the climate–health horizon – some involving plants and animals; (4) climate (im)mobility and the need for anticipatory action; (5) security and climate; (6) sustainable land management as a prerequisite to land-based solutions; (7) sustainable finance practices in the private sector and the need for political guidance; (8) the urgent planetary imperative for addressing losses and damages; (9) inclusive societal choices for climate-resilient development and (10) how to overcome barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C.
Social media summaryScience has evidence on barriers to mitigation and how to overcome them to avoid limits to adaptation across multiple fields.
Microfluidics and Beyond – Devices for Applications in Biotechnology -
- Martina Daub, Rolf M. Kaack, Oliver Gutmann, Chris P. Steinert, Remigius Niekrawietz, Peter Koltay, Bas de Heij, Roland Zengerle
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 820 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 March 2011, R6.6
- Print publication:
- 2004
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
For the performance of certain analytical and diagnostic tasks in modern Life Science applications high throughput screening (HTS) methods are essential. Miniaturization, parallelization and automation allow to decrease consumption of expensive materials and lead to faster analyzing times. The miniaturization of total assay volumes by the use of microtiter plates as well as the microarray technology have revolutionized the field of biotechnology and Life Sciences. Neither printing of microarrays with droplet volumes of several picoliters, nor handling of precious enzymes in the upper nanoliter range can be accomplished with traditional liquid handling devices like air displacement pipettes. The development of novel low volume liquid handling devices, which are subject to current research, addresses the diverse requirements shifting steadily to lower volumes. Various novel non-contact dispensing methods in the nanoliter and picoliter range are presented and classified according to their working principles like air displacement and direct displacement methods (TopSpot®, NanoJetTM, Dispensing Well PlateTM). Properties of the various methods are compared in terms of flexibility, integration density, speed of operation, precision, addressable volume range and amenability to multi-parallel operation.
The cutaneous radiation syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
- R. U. Peter, M. Steinert, P. Gottlöber
-
- Journal:
- Radioprotection / Volume 36 / Issue 4 / October 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 June 2005, pp. 451-457
- Print publication:
- October 2001
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Accidental exposure to ionising radiation may occur during such catastrophic events as the Chernobyl accident in 1986 or for days and weeks as in Goiania in 1987 and in the military camp during the training of soldiers in Lilo/Georgia in 1997 as well as in medical institutions. The cutaneous symptoms after radiation exposure are based on a combination of inflammatory processes and alteration of cellular proliferation as a result of a specific pattern of transcriptionally activated proinflammatoric cytokines and growth factors. They follow a time course consisting of prodromal erythema, manifestation, chronic stage, late stage and they are referred to as Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome. The time course depends on several factors such as the applied radiation dose, radiation quality, individual radiation sensitivity, the extent of contamination and absorption and volume of the skin. For diagnostics of the cutaneous radiation syndrome the following procedures are used: 7.5 MHz to 20 MHz-B-scan-sonography, thermography, capillary microscopy, profilometry, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, bone scintigraphy and histology. Based on the results of experimental and clinical research of the last years pharmacotherapy of the cutaneous radiation syndrome includes topic or systemic application of corticosteroids, gamma-interferon, pentoxifylline and vitamin E and superoxide dismutase. The treatment depends on the stage of the cutaneous radiation syndrome. Due to the complexity of the clinical manifestations of radiation disease in most patients an interdisciplinary treatment in specialised centres is necessary. Dermatologists are asked to perform in most cases life-long therapy and follow-up of the patients.
Intermediate filaments: molecular architecture, assembly, dynamics and polymorphism
- David A. D. Parry, Peter M. Steinert
-
- Journal:
- Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / May 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 1999, pp. 99-187
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
1. Introduction 100
2. Molecular architecture 107
2.1 Primary structure 108
2.1.1 Homologous regions 109
2.1.2 Chain typing 115
2.1.3 Post-translational modifications 117
2.2 Secondary structure 118
2.2.1 Central rod domain 118
2.2.2 Head and tail domains 119
2.3 Tertiary structure 123
2.3.1 Coiled-coil rod domain 123
2.3.1.1 Specificity through salt bridges 124
2.3.1.2 Specificity through apolar interactions 127
2.3.1.3 A consensus trigger sequence for two-stranded coiled-coils 128
2.3.2 Discontinuities in the rod domain 128
2.3.2.1 Links 129
2.3.2.2 Stutter 131
2.3.3 Head and tail domains 131
2.4 Electron microscope observations 133
3. Assembly 136
3.1 Role of the coiled-coil rod domain 137
3.2 Role of end domains 141
3.3 Experimentally induced crosslinks and modes of assembly 145
3.4 Naturally occurring crosslinks for tissue coordination 154
3.5 STEM data 154
4. Quaternary structure 160
4.1 Protofilaments and protofibrils 160
4.2 Head and tail domains 163
4.3 Surface lattice structure 164
4.4 Crystal studies on intermediate filament fragments 168
5. Polymorphism 169
5.1 Variations on a theme 170
5.1.1 Axial structure 170
5.1.2 Lateral structure 171
6. Keratin intermediate filament chains in diseases 172
7. Concluding remarks 175
8. Acknowledgments 176
9. References 176
Three types of intracellular filament have been identified in eukaryotic cells, and together they constitute the key elements of the cytoskeleton. They are the microtubules, the actin-containing microfilaments and the intermediate filaments. The uniqueness of the former two types of filament in cells has been well known for a long time but, in contrast, the intermediate filaments have been a relative new-comer to the scene. The microtubules and the microfilaments have always been easy to distinguish from one another on the grounds of their respective sizes (microtubules are about 25 nm in diameter and microfilaments are about 7–10 nm in diameter). Additionally, microtubules were capable of being disaggregated by the action of colchicine, and microfilaments could be disassembled by other drugs or be decorated with heavy meromyosin to generate arrowhead-like structures. Importantly, in both microtubules and microfilaments the constituent protein subunits were arranged to give the filaments a directionality, and the ability of these filaments to function in vivo depended crucially on this feature of their structure. Microtubules, for example, are involved in mitosis, motility and transport within the cell: each of these functions is clearly a ‘directional’ one. With this background the discovery and characterization of the intermediate filaments can begin.